Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) and line an 8×8-inch baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang for easy removal.
In a medium bowl, toss the blueberries with the cornstarch, lemon zest, lemon juice, and granulated sugar. Set aside.
In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt. Cut in the cold butter until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs.
Add the egg yolk and mix until the dough begins to clump together.
Reserve about 1 cup of the dough for the crumble topping. Press the remaining dough evenly into the prepared pan.
Bake the crust for 15 minutes, or until the edges are lightly golden.
Mix the reserved dough with the brown sugar, granulated sugar, and flour until chunky crumbles form.
Spread the blueberry filling evenly over the warm crust, then sprinkle the crumble topping over the berries.
Bake for another 35 minutes, or until the topping is golden brown and the blueberry filling is bubbling around the edges.
Cool the bars completely in the pan for about 2 hours, then lift them out using the parchment paper and slice into 9 large bars or 16 smaller squares.